Trends: Access networks

• Most backbones running at 45 Mbits/s or 34 Mbits/s - moving towards 155 Mbit/s and Gigabits/s
• Transoceanic fibers between continents
• Links from major sites to backbones are frequently T1 (1.5 Mbits/sec) or E1 rate links (2 Mbits/sec)
  [increasingly 34 Mbits/s or 45 Mbits/s - even 155 Mbit/s in some metropolitan areas]
• Links from individual users are increasingly 28.8 Kbits/s and ISDN (128Kbits/s)
• ASDL coming to wired users
• GPRS and HSCSD - coming to GSM data users {Telia has demoed 64Kbps service}
  • DSS based IP service (one-way high speed - other way via other links)
  • Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) - IP over cellular networks - AT&T provides CDPD access to a potential base of 110 million people - but total CDPD installed base is ~50K