Important Trends

• Traffic increasing (but not due to voice)
• AT&T predicted that WWW traffic would exceed the total of voice+FAX (==> true)
  • IP traffic between US and Sweden is already many times the total voice+FAX traffic!
• Fixed Links
• LANs: 10Mbits/s, 100Mbits/s, ...
• Backbones: 45 Mbits/s or 34 Mbits/s ==> 155 Mbit/s, 662 Mbit/s, and Gigabits/s
  Transoceanic fibers between continents \xde Gbit/s
• Major sites link to backbones: T1 (1.5 Mbits/sec) or E1 rate links (2 Mbits/sec)
  ==> increasingly 34 Mbits/s or 45 Mbits/s - even 155 Mbit/s in some metropolitan areas
• Individual users links: 28.8 Kbits/s and ISDN (128Kbits/s)
  ==> xSDL (Mbits/s .. ~51 Mbits/s in the fast direction)
• Mobile links
• GSM voice and data ==> GPRS and HSCSD
• Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD), multihop (Ricochet) networks, ... {symmetric?}
• DSS based IP service (one-way 21 Mbits/s - other way via other links), DAB, ... {asymmetric?}
• Wireless LANs - multiple Mbit/s
• Points of Presence (PoPs) + CIX and GIX ==> GigaPoPs